![]() In absolutely all cases, it should be treated in an advanced medical manner after first aid has been rendered. In this situation neutralized calcium gluconate may be used. Inhaled HF may require oxygen therapy and tracheal intubation. An element that has been very useful to avoid the adverse effects of chemical burns and counteract the effect of calcium precipitation is the Hexafluorine solution, which is recommended to implement in laboratory kits, along with first aid items and emergency showers. Other special rinsing solutions may also be used. The calcium gluconate is a source of Ca 2+ that sequesters the fluoride ions. Surgical removal of the affected tissue may be required. If pain continues calcium gluconate can be injected into the affected area or given by injection into a vein or artery. Calcium gluconate cream is then usually applied. Initial treatment of exposure involves removing contaminated clothing and washing the affected area with large amount of water over at least 30 minutes. ECG changes may include QRS widening and a prolonged QT interval. Diagnosis ĭiagnosis should include blood tests for calcium, potassium, and magnesium along with an electrocardiogram (ECG). ![]() Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is proposed as the cause for both precipitous fall in serum calcium and the severe pain associated with tissue toxicity. In the body, hydrofluoric acid reacts with the ubiquitous biologically important ions Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. Hydrofluoric acid can be released from volcanoes, sea salt aerosol, and from welding or manufacturing processes. Hydrofluorocarbons in automatic fire suppression systems can release hydrogen fluoride at high temperatures, and this has led to deaths from acute respiratory failure in military personnel when a rocket-propelled grenade hit the fire suppression system in their vehicle. It is generated upon combustion of many fluorine-containing compounds such as products containing Viton and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) parts. Hydrogen fluoride is used in a number of industries including glass etching and electronics manufacturing. ![]() In some cases, exposures can lead to hypocalcemia.īreathing in the HF fumes can result in fevers, pulmonary edema (fluid buildup in the lungs), bleeding, and low blood oxygen. Burns with areas larger than 160 cm 2 (25 square inches) have the potential to cause serious systemic toxicity from interference with blood and tissue calcium levels. Once absorbed into blood through the skin, it reacts with blood calcium and may cause cardiac arrest. Ĭomplications may occur due to fluoride toxicity. Symptoms of HF exposure include irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, and throat, eye and skin burns, and bone damage. It is estimated that about a thousand cases occur each year. Other measures include applying calcium gluconate cream. Initial treatment of exposure involves removing contaminated clothing and washing with large amounts of water over at least 30 minutes. ![]() Diagnosis should include blood tests for calcium, potassium, and magnesium along with an electrocardiogram. With concentrations less than 7%, onset of symptoms may not occur for hours while with concentrations greater than 15% onset of symptoms is nearly immediate. Complications can include electrolyte, heart, lung, kidney, and neurological problems. If the fumes are breathed in swelling of the upper airway and bleeding may occur. Where it contacts the skin it results in significant pain, swelling, redness, and skin breakdown. ![]() Removing contaminated clothing, washing with water, calcium gluconate Ī hydrofluoric acid burn is a chemical burn from hydrofluoric acid. Electrolyte, heart, lung, and neurological problems īased on history of exposure and symptoms ![]()
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